{"id":1733,"date":"2024-09-30T16:58:14","date_gmt":"2024-09-30T14:58:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/gibaltar.cat\/?p=1733"},"modified":"2024-10-01T06:49:17","modified_gmt":"2024-10-01T04:49:17","slug":"la-contribucio-menorquina-a-la-identitat-yanita","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gibaltar.cat\/index.php\/2024\/09\/30\/la-contribucio-menorquina-a-la-identitat-yanita\/","title":{"rendered":"La contribuci\u00f3 menorquina a la identitat gibraltarenca"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/gibaltar-cat.translate.goog\/index.php\/2024\/09\/30\/la-contribucio-menorquina-a-la-identitat-yanita\/?_x_tr_sl=ca&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=ca&amp;_x_tr_pto=wapp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">In English<\/a> (translated by Google) \/ <a href=\"https:\/\/gibaltar-cat.translate.goog\/index.php\/2024\/09\/30\/la-contribucio-menorquina-a-la-identitat-yanita\/?_x_tr_sl=ca&amp;_x_tr_tl=es&amp;_x_tr_hl=ca&amp;_x_tr_pto=wapp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">En castellano<\/a> (traducido por Google)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:51px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-drop-cap\">Al final de la introducci\u00f3 d\u2019<em><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pamsa.cat\/els-minorkeens-de-gibraltar-9788498839999\/\" target=\"_blank\">Els \u2018minorkeens\u2019 de Gibraltar<\/a><\/em> (2018), deixava clara la intenci\u00f3 del <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pamsa.cat\/els-minorkeens-de-gibraltar-9788498839999\/\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.pamsa.cat\/els-minorkeens-de-gibraltar-9788498839999\/\" target=\"_blank\">llibre<\/a> i de la <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/gibaltar.cat\/index.php\/2022\/01\/11\/menorquins-a-gibraltar\/\" target=\"_blank\">recerca<\/a> que, des del comen\u00e7ament del segle XXI, he dut a terme al voltant d\u2019uns quants aspectes de la hist\u00f2ria del penyal: \u201cA partir de l\u2019an\u00e0lisi ordenada de tot aquest bagatge bibliogr\u00e0fic i del buidatge de les principals fonts documentals que s\u2019han conservat als arxius locals de Menorca, Gibraltar i tamb\u00e9 Cadis [\u2026], <em>Els \u2018minorkeens\u2019 de Gibraltar<\/em> pret\u00e9n aplegar i aportar elements per reivindicar el pes gens negligible que la comunitat menorquina arribada al penyal va exercir en els estadis formatius d\u2019aquest especial\u00edssim territori sota administraci\u00f3 brit\u00e0nica.\u201d Amb el llibre, doncs, hi havia la voluntat d\u2019aflorar la contribuci\u00f3 dels centenars de menorquins que durant gaireb\u00e9 un segle (entre 1730 i 1830, aproximadament) van establir-se temporalment o definitivament a Gibraltar, aprofitant l\u2019avinentesa que les dues places mediterr\u00e0nies van ser cedides a la Gran Bretanya amb el tractat d\u2019Utrecht de 1713, que tancava en fals la guerra de Successi\u00f3 al tron hisp\u00e0nic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:46px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1000\" height=\"750\" src=\"http:\/\/gibaltar.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/LLANITO7.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1752\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gibaltar.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/LLANITO7.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/gibaltar.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/LLANITO7-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/gibaltar.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/LLANITO7-768x576.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><figcaption>Vista de la primera sala de l&#8217;exposici\u00f3, feta a la Fine Arts Gallery de Casemates.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:49px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Per aix\u00f2, quan es va anunciar l\u2019estiu del 2024 la realitzaci\u00f3 de la primera gran exposici\u00f3 sobre la <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gibraltariansfams.com\/\" target=\"_blank\">cultura i llengua<\/a> gibraltarenques, <em><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gibraltar.gov.gi\/press-releases\/llanito-exhibition-opened-today-5662024-10151\" target=\"_blank\">Llanito. Past, present, future<\/a><\/em>, no vaig poder estar-me de visitar-la i comprovar <em>in situ<\/em> quin pes hi adquiria el component menorqu\u00ed. I la sorpresa va ser maj\u00fascula, des del principi fins al final de la mostra. Perqu\u00e8 la curadora, <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.english.cam.ac.uk\/people\/Laura.Wright\" target=\"_blank\">Laura Wright<\/a>, del departament de llengua anglesa de la Universitat de Cambridge, ha centrat la recerca sobre la conflu\u00e8ncia de comunitats culturals i ling\u00fc\u00edstiques al penyal precisament durant el primer segle d\u2019ocupaci\u00f3 brit\u00e0nica a trav\u00e9s de l\u2019an\u00e0lisi de la documentaci\u00f3 del XVIII gestionada per <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gbc.gi\/news\/llanito-exhibition-opens-fine-arts-gallery\" target=\"_blank\">Gerard Wood<\/a> als <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalarchives.gi\/\" target=\"_blank\">Arxius Nacionals de Gibraltar<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:52px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed-youtube wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe title=\"Llanito exhibition: Cambridge Uni professors, Multilingual Gibraltar &amp; National Archives team up\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/sEo5LXBV798?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><figcaption>Laura Wright, explicant l&#8217;objectiu de l&#8217;exposici\u00f3 &#8216;Llanito&#8217;.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:45px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>La mostra (oberta del 27 d&#8217;agost al 13 de setembre de 2024) es dividia en quatre grans seccions, cadascuna dedicada a tractar aspectes clau en la formaci\u00f3 de la identitat gibraltarenca actual: la hist\u00f2ria de la poblaci\u00f3 civil de Gibraltar des de l\u2019ocupaci\u00f3 brit\u00e0nica fa m\u00e9s de tres segles; la formaci\u00f3 i definici\u00f3 del <em>yanito<\/em>; l\u2019\u00fas de la llengua, i les possibilitats de superviv\u00e8ncia. \u00c9s en la primera part, doncs, on m\u00e9s esments apareixen a la indiscutible aportaci\u00f3 menorquina al p\u00f2sit ling\u00fc\u00edstic i cultural del penyal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1000\" height=\"750\" src=\"http:\/\/gibaltar.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/LLANITO2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1742\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gibaltar.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/LLANITO2.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/gibaltar.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/LLANITO2-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/gibaltar.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/LLANITO2-768x576.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:49px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u2019aproximaci\u00f3 emp\u00edrica aplicada per Wright deixa ben clara la influ\u00e8ncia directa, primerenca i intensa de la comunitat genovesa, ja present abans de 1704 a les costes d\u2019Andalusia i principal contingent civil de la poblaci\u00f3 de Gibraltar quan el petit territori va passar a domini brit\u00e0nic, tal com va deixar ben establert el ling\u00fcista genov\u00e8s <strong>Francesco Toso<\/strong>. A l\u2019exposici\u00f3 tamb\u00e9 tenen un lloc especial i espec\u00edfic els jueus que van comen\u00e7ar a establir-se a la ciutat al principi del segle XVIII, en la primera tornada dels sefardites a la pen\u00ednsula Ib\u00e8rica despr\u00e9s dels pogroms del segle XIII i de l\u2019expulsi\u00f3 definitiva el 1492.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A banda aquests dos components mediterranis i de l\u2019omnipresent aportaci\u00f3 andalusa, \u00e9s grat comprovar que els comissaris de <em>Llanito<\/em> no menystenen gens la contribuci\u00f3 menorquina (i en grau m\u00e9s baix, catalana) en la forja incipient d\u2019una identitat gibraltarenca, que s\u2019anir\u00e0 modelant al llarg del segle XIX (amb l\u2019arribada dels maltesos, per exemple) i s\u2019enfortir\u00e0 del tot al XX, amb episodis tan traum\u00e0tics com unificadors com ara l\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/gibaltar.cat\/index.php\/2023\/11\/27\/pepe-el-catalan-el-perruquer-de-gibraltar\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">evacuaci\u00f3<\/a> de la poblaci\u00f3 civil durant la Segona Guerra Mundial i el <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vilaweb.cat\/noticies\/gibraltar-una-identitat-fronterera\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">tancament unilateral<\/a> de la frontera per part del r\u00e8gim franquista (i el primer govern socialista espanyol).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:56px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1000\" height=\"750\" src=\"http:\/\/gibaltar.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/LLANITO6.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1753\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gibaltar.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/LLANITO6.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/gibaltar.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/LLANITO6-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/gibaltar.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/LLANITO6-768x576.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:40px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Es pot comprovar perfectament en un dels primers gr\u00e0fics de la mostra, basat en l\u2019origen dels 1.113 civils residents oficials a la fortalesa el 1725: Wright i Wood destaquen que hi podem trobar parlants d\u2019angl\u00e8s, castell\u00e0, catal\u00e0 (18%), genov\u00e8s, franc\u00e8s, neerland\u00e8s, \u00e0rab i <em>haketia<\/em>. I en un altre cartell, que parteix de les dades del cens del 1777, s&#8217;especifica que un 2% dels habitants hi constaven com a menorquins.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1000\" height=\"760\" src=\"http:\/\/gibaltar.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/LLANITO6-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1758\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gibaltar.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/LLANITO6-1.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/gibaltar.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/LLANITO6-1-300x228.jpg 300w, https:\/\/gibaltar.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/LLANITO6-1-768x584.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:49px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Tot plegat permet concloure que, a partir de la base de l\u2019andal\u00fas i l\u2019angl\u00e8s, el <em>yanito<\/em> tamb\u00e9 va ser fruit de les lleng\u00fces aportades per uns quants pobles de la Mediterr\u00e0nia occidental, entre les quals la catalana, ben present sens dubte a la fortalesa. Ens ho demostra, encara m\u00e9s, un altre panell de l\u2019exposici\u00f3 on s\u2019analitzen cinquanta-cinc noms de carrers hist\u00f2rics de Gibraltar i s\u2019hi detecten cognoms brit\u00e0nics, genovesos, sefardites i espanyols, portuguesos i <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/gibaltar.cat\/index.php\/2020\/06\/16\/la-toponimia-catalana-i-menorquina-a-gibraltar\/\" target=\"_blank\">catalans\/menorquins<\/a> (el 12% del total), entre els quals s\u2019esmenten el Carreras Passage i el Callej\u00f3n de Segu\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:52px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1000\" height=\"750\" src=\"https:\/\/gibaltar.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/LLANITO1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1739\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gibaltar.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/LLANITO1.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/gibaltar.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/LLANITO1-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/gibaltar.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/LLANITO1-768x576.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>I ja cap al final de la mostra, <em>last but not least<\/em>, hi ha potser una de les troballes m\u00e9s emotives personalment. En una vitrina on hi ha exposats documents exhumats dels Arxius Nacionals de Gibraltar que posen de manifest el multilig\u00fcisme imperant al penyal als segles XVIII i XIX, es destaca el volum n\u00fam. 16 de l\u2019anomenat <em>Civil Court Minute<\/em>, corresponent als anys 1798-1802. Al costat de l\u2019angl\u00e8s \u2013llengua oficial de l\u2019administraci\u00f3\u2013, hi ha passatges redactats tamb\u00e9 en castell\u00e0, itali\u00e0, franc\u00e8s i fins i tot en catal\u00e0. En concret, a la p\u00e0gina 326 es pot llegir un text ben ric en detalls signat el 3 de setembre de 1799 a <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/gibaltar.cat\/index.php\/gibaltar\/\" target=\"_blank\">Gibeltar<\/a> [sic] pel menorqu\u00ed <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/gw.geneanet.org\/aguasch?lang=es&amp;iz=4&amp;p=joan&amp;n=albis+vivo\" target=\"_blank\">Joan<\/a> <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/gw.geneanet.org\/aguasch?lang=es&amp;iz=4&amp;p=joan&amp;n=albis+neto\" target=\"_blank\">Albis<\/a>, patr\u00f3 d\u2019un bricbarca anomenat <em>El Pr\u00edncep<\/em> del port de Ma\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:51px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1000\" height=\"689\" src=\"https:\/\/gibaltar.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/LLANITO.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1735\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gibaltar.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/LLANITO.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/gibaltar.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/LLANITO-300x207.jpg 300w, https:\/\/gibaltar.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/LLANITO-768x529.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:54px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Una petita perla ling\u00fc\u00edstica, plena de trets del catal\u00e0 del segle XVIII de Menorca, enterrada entre la nombrosa documentaci\u00f3 brit\u00e0nica als arxius de Gibraltar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:51px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Article publicat l&#8217;1 d&#8217;octubre de 2024<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Unes reflexions al voltant de l\u2019exposici\u00f3 \u2018Llanito\u2019, oberta del 27 d\u2019agost al 13 de setembre de 2024 a Gibraltar<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1741,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[2,38,6],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gibaltar.cat\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1733"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gibaltar.cat\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gibaltar.cat\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gibaltar.cat\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gibaltar.cat\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1733"}],"version-history":[{"count":14,"href":"https:\/\/gibaltar.cat\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1733\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1777,"href":"https:\/\/gibaltar.cat\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1733\/revisions\/1777"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gibaltar.cat\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1741"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gibaltar.cat\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1733"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gibaltar.cat\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1733"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gibaltar.cat\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1733"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}