{"id":886,"date":"2021-12-13T12:48:37","date_gmt":"2021-12-13T11:48:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/gibaltar.cat\/?p=886"},"modified":"2023-06-05T18:20:47","modified_gmt":"2023-06-05T16:20:47","slug":"el-misterios-comunicat-de-suport-catala-al-referendum-de-gibraltar-de-1967","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gibaltar.cat\/index.php\/2021\/12\/13\/el-misterios-comunicat-de-suport-catala-al-referendum-de-gibraltar-de-1967\/","title":{"rendered":"El misteri\u00f3s comunicat de suport catal\u00e0 al refer\u00e8ndum de Gibraltar de 1967"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

A petici\u00f3 de l\u2019assemblea general de les Nacions Unides, el 1966 el r\u00e8gim de Francisco Franco i el Regne Unit van obrir converses sobre l’espinosa q\u00fcesti\u00f3 de Gibraltar. En aquell context, el ministre d’Exteriors espanyol, Fernando Mar\u00eda Castiella, va llan\u00e7ar una proposta formal per transferir la sobirania del penyal a Espanya. S’hi preveia la cancel\u00b7laci\u00f3 del tractat d’Utrecht, el manteniment de la pres\u00e8ncia de brit\u00e0nics a la base de la Royal Navy i la promesa d’atorgar un estatut personal<\/em> per als gibraltarencs, sota els auspicis de l\u2019ONU.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Arran d\u2019aquell moviment diplom\u00e0tic, el ministre principal de Gibraltar, Sir Joshua Hassan<\/a>, va decidir sotmetre a votaci\u00f3 la proposta espanyola. El 10 de setembre de 1967, aix\u00ed, es va convocar el primer refer\u00e8ndum d\u2019autodeterminaci\u00f3 sobre la sobirania de Gibraltar, en qu\u00e8 el 99,64% dels participants (12.138 vots) van optar per refor\u00e7ar la vinculaci\u00f3 amb el Regne Unit a trav\u00e9s d\u2019institucions locals democr\u00e0tiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

El rebuig de la proposta espanyola (que va obtenir \u00fanicament 44 vots) i la conseg\u00fcent aprovaci\u00f3 d\u2019una nova constituci\u00f3 gibraltarenca el 1969 van generar crispaci\u00f3 al r\u00e8gim franquista, que aquell mateix any va decidir tancar unilateralment la frontera per terra, mar i aire (i tamb\u00e9 les comunicacions telef\u00f2niques) amb el penyal. Un tancament<\/a> que no s\u2019aixecaria del tot fins al 1985, deu anys despr\u00e9s de la mort del dictador.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La convocat\u00f2ria d’aquell refer\u00e8ndum, ara fa mig segle, va atraure l\u2019atenci\u00f3 de mig m\u00f3n. I tamb\u00e9 les simpaties de l\u2019independentisme catal\u00e0 a l\u2019exili. N\u2019\u00e9s una mostra ben clara el p\u00f2ster i el comunicat de suport a l\u2019exercici d’autodeterminaci\u00f3 dels gibraltarencs que unes denominades Forces d\u2019Alliberament de Catalunya (Catalan Liberation Forces<\/strong><\/em>, a l’original) van enviar des de Su\u00efssa al principal diari del penyal, el Gibraltar Chronicle<\/a><\/em>. El p\u00f2ster es va publicar a la portada del diari del 9 de setembre de 1967, el dia abans del refer\u00e8ndum, i el comunicat va apar\u00e8ixer a la p\u00e0gina 4 del diari del dia 11 de setembre, l\u2019endem\u00e0 de la votaci\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

El p\u00f2ster deia:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

FRANCO\u2019S GOVT.
wants to force Gibraltar into the Spanish gaol.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Catalan people supports the desire of the population of Gibraltar to remain free.
<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

CATALAN LIBERATION FORCES<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Portada del n\u00famero 39.289 del Gibraltar Chronicle<\/em>, corresponent al 9 de setembre de 1967.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n

I el comunicat deia:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gibraltar situation provokes Catalan independence move<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Catalan Liberation Forces are petitioning the Committee of 24 on decolonisation in their cause of being a separate entity to Spain:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

On August 22nd, Se\u00f1or Jaime Pini\u00e9s, representative of the Spanish government at the U.N. Decolonisation Committee, accused Her Majesty\u2019s Government of deliberately blocking up the process of decolonisation of GIbraltar, thus infringing the resolution 1514 (XV) of the U.N. Charter. What is most vexing in Se\u00f1or Pini\u00e9s\u2019s cynical intervention is the boastful tone with which he quoted the seven paragraphs composing the resolution, and especially the second one, which is dedicated to the right of all peoples to determine themselves. As he made that statement, he certainly tried and forgot that, in the North-Eastern part of the Peninsula, the Catalan countries are submitted to the arbitrariness of the colonialist policy of that Spanish government which Se\u00f1or Pini\u00e9s now so proudly represents.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In another part of his statement, the Spanish deputy accused the British Goverment of having raised some historical and juridical questions related to the Treaty of Utrecht (July 13th, 1713). The decolonisation process which Britain has been carrying out for many years to the benefit of her former colonies is an unmistakable evidence of the goodwill of her Government to apply the stipulations of the U.N. Charter.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But, if the Spanish Government considers as cancelled the treaty that gives Gibraltar to the British Crown for ever, then the people of Catalonia, sacrificed actor of the Utrecht tragedy, considers the \u201cDecreto de la Nueva Planta\u201d (January 16th, 1716) as being bare of any historical or juridical validity. That decree was dictated by King Philip V through the force of arms and changed the Catalans into Spaniards of the Castilian type, with the same laws, administration, justice and language as the Castilian provinces.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Accordingly, considering that the juridical standards applied against the Catalan countries are equivalent in their form and character to those of territories submitted to a colonial regime, we ask the U.N. Decolonization Committee to acknowledge the indomitable will of the Catalan people to return to the origins of its nationality, an aspiration which is in accordance with the word and spirit of the U.N. charter and of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

We also submit to the consideration of the Decolonization Committee the fact that the present Spanish Government, originated from international fascism, does not legally represent the Spanish people, since it has not been democratically elected, which is in opposition to the ideal of the U.N. Charter.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

We shoul like to add that the physical, cultural and economical murder deliberately perpetrated against the Catalan countries is an unmistakeable evidence of the inability of the present Spanish dictatorial government to protect and promote the normal and progressive development of communities that differ in language, national character and political opinion.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meanwhile the United Nations has been dealing with the Spanish possessions in Northe Africa.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At Thursday\u2019s meeting Sr. De Pini\u00e9s rejected the attempts of the Monalige petitioner to discredit the autonomous Government of Equatorial Guinea. He called on the petitioners to rejoin their territory\u2019s free political life.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr Malecela (Chairman, Tanzania) interrupted to say that the Spanish reply should be confined to factual comments and refrain from personal attacks on the petitioners, De Pini\u00e9s denied that his remarks were an attack. The autonomous regime had been approved by popular vote.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sr. Nava Carrillo (Venezuela) regretted Spain\u2019s failure to implement U.N. resolutions on Spanish Sahara and Ifni. He hoped a U.N. Mission to Sahara could soon be arranged. The U.N. had recognised equatorial Guinea\u2019s desire for independence by next year, and Venezuela deplored the delay in action by Spain to implement the U.N. resolution and to set dates for the promised conference and for independence.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr Shakhov (USSR) said Spain had long undertaken to grant independence to Equatorial Guinea. The U.N. visiting Mission had confirmed that the people of the territory wanted independence.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At Friday\u2019s meeting Foum (Tanzania) regretted Spain\u2019s uncooperative attitude to implementation of the Assembly Resolution on Equatorial Guinea, whose people demanded independence without delay. Spain was intimidating local leaders and discouraging political party activity. It was deplorable that Spain tried to claim against all the evidence that the autonomous Government was genuinely representative.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Spain had not decolonized a single African territory. It would be to Spain\u2019s interest to allow peaceful decolonisation. The people of Equatorial Guinea would use all available means of getting independence including the proposed Conference. He rejected Spain\u2019s explanations of the delay struggle for National liberation a bitter one. Let Spain stop dilly-dallying and fix a date for a conference to decide on independence by July 1968.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sr. Huneens (Chile) supported implementation of the general assembly recommendations on Equatorial Guinea thus permitting self-determination and independence. There had been some developments but these were insufficient. A conference was urgently necessary.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

He welcomed the lifting of political restrictions and return of opposition leaders the failure to establish universal suffrage as required by general assembly Resolution 2230 (XXI).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

He could not accept the petitioner\u2019s demand that the Conference should be confined to setting an independence date. An adequate constitution and electoral system were also needed.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr Diakite (Mali) said Spain had been the first colonial power ever to invite a U.N. organ to send a Mission designed to help in the achievement of independence. The lack of progress since last year was all the more surprising. Spain had not originally objected to the visiting Mission\u2019s proposal of Independence by early 1968. He assured the territory\u2019s people of Mali\u2019s solidarity in their independence struggle.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sr. Berro (Uruguay) recalled Spain\u2019s justifications for not implementing the U.N. Resolution on Equatorial Guinea. Political restrictions had been removed: Exiles had returned, as others had recognised. The important thing now was to set an early independence date.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
P\u00e0gina 4 del n\u00famero 39.290 del Gibraltar Chronicle<\/em>, corresponent a l’11 de setembre de 1967.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019\u00fanica pista que tenim del comunicat i del p\u00f2ster \u00e9s que es van rebre<\/a> a la redacci\u00f3 del Chronicle<\/em> el 8 de setembre des d\u2019algun indret de Su\u00efssa. Partint d\u2019aquesta dada, i analitzant l\u2019exili catal\u00e0 de l’\u00e8poca, es pot arribar a la conclusi\u00f3 que al darrere d\u2019aquella acci\u00f3 propagand\u00edstica rebuda amb curiositat i agra\u00efment al penyal hi havia un nom: Joan Lucas i Masjoan<\/strong><\/a> (1924-2001).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Membre a l’exili del Consell Nacional Catal\u00e0<\/a> (CNC), fundat l\u2019any 1953<\/a> a M\u00e8xic pel Dr. Josep Maria Batista i Roca, des de Su\u00efssa Joan Lucas i Masjoan<\/a> dirigia les relacions internacionals de l\u2019entitat, des d’on va contactar amb uns quants governs i institucions internacionals per informar-los de la causa catalana i denunciar el r\u00e8gim franquista. En els temps m\u00e9s durs de la repressi\u00f3 va dur a terme nombroses accions clandestines des de Su\u00efssa i l’interior, moltes vegades utilitzant el pseud\u00f2nim de Joan Lluc. Cal destacar-ne el primer homenatge a Francesc d’Ass\u00eds Vidal i Barraquer (Cambrils, 1868 – Friburg, Su\u00efssa, 1943), l\u201911 de setembre de 1966, quan el dictador Franco havia prohibit qualsevol esment a l’il\u00b7lustre cardenal defensor de Catalunya.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un element que fa pensar en Lucas i Masjoan com a autor del text i p\u00f2ster rebuts a Gibraltar \u00e9s el seu profund coneixement i inter\u00e8s per la q\u00fcesti\u00f3 del tractat d\u2019Utrecht. De fet, defensava que si Espanya obtenia Gibraltar segons el que s\u2019estipulava a l\u2019article X del tractat, Catalunya havia de recuperar autom\u00e0ticament les seves llibertats perdudes segons l\u2019article XII del mateix tractat. Aquesta teoria, la va plasmar amb tot detall \u2013com a secretari de relacions exteriors del Consell Nacional Catal\u00e0 a l’exili\u2013 en un opuscle titulat precisament Plantejament Hist\u00f2rico-Jur\u00eddic entorn del Tractat d’Utrecht (assaig sobre la reivindicaci\u00f3 per a Catalunya del seu status jur\u00eddic anterior a la guerra de Successi\u00f3. 1713)<\/em>, publicat la primavera del 1977<\/a> i reeditat i ampliat el setembre del 1997.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Edici\u00f3 del 1997 de l’opuscle de Joan Lucas i Masjoan sobre la q\u00fcesti\u00f3 de Gibraltar i Catalunya en relaci\u00f3 amb el tractat d’Utrecht.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Entre m\u00e9s coses, hi deia:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cL\u2019any 1967 el govern espanyol, d’acord amb els principis proclamats per la Carta de les Nacions Unides, va plantejar al govern brit\u00e0nic la reivindicaci\u00f3 de Gibraltar presentant als organismes internacionals competents un expedient de den\u00fancia del tractat d’Utrecht, per\u00f2 referint-se solament al text de l’article 10, en virtut del qual Espanya feia donaci\u00f3 a perpetu\u00eftat de Gibraltar a la Gran Bretanya.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Espanya basava la seva den\u00fancia en l’argument que el tractat havia estat signat sota la for\u00e7a de circumst\u00e0ncies que havien canviat radicalment des d’aleshores i que per tant la seva signatura havia perdut tot valor jur\u00eddic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En mat\u00e8ria de dret internacional la tesi de den\u00fancia del tractat d’Utrecht, acceptada pels organismes internacionals (O.N.U. i el seu Comit\u00e8 de Descolonitzaci\u00f3) pot \u00e9sser aplicada, amb la mateixa validesa jur\u00eddica, pels catalans per exigir de l’Estat espanyol la restituci\u00f3 de la constituci\u00f3 i llibertats nacionals brutalment abolides pel primer rei Borb\u00f3 Felip V durant la Guerra de Successi\u00f3, ja que l’annexi\u00f3 de Catalunya a l’Estat espanyol fou consumada per l’article 13 de l’esmentat tractat.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

PLANTEJAMENT JUR\u00cdDIC DE CATALUNYA EN RELACI\u00d3 A ESPANYA I AL TRACTAT D’UTRECHT<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.- El govern espanyol lliura oficialment als organismes internacionals competents un expedient reivindicatiu de la possessi\u00f3 brit\u00e0nica de Gibraltar, considerant-la com a part integrant de la sobirania espanyola, per jutjar anacr\u00f2nic el tractat d’Utrecht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.- La reivindicaci\u00f3 del govern espanyol provoca un acalorat debat a la ONU. El Comit\u00e8 de Seguretat i el Comit\u00e8 de Descolonitzaci\u00f3 inviten els dos governs en litigi a iniciar negociacions per tal d’arribar a un acord i resoldre aquest problema escabr\u00f3s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.- La reclamaci\u00f3 oficial del govern espanyol exigint d’Anglaterra la restituci\u00f3 de Gibraltar a la sobirania espanyola, reclamaci\u00f3 basada en la Carta de les Nacions Unides, \u00e9s una den\u00fancia clara i convincent del tractat d’Utrecht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4.- Per denunciar-lo, el poble catal\u00e0, doncs, tamb\u00e9 pot fer \u00fas de la cl\u00e0usula rebus sic stantibus. Aquesta cl\u00e0usula i el pes espec\u00edfic de la hist\u00f2ria de Catalunya habiliten aquest pa\u00eds a requerir l’anul\u00b7laci\u00f3 d’aquest tractat. La seva den\u00fancia fa ipso facto il\u00b7legal l’autoritat de l’Estat unitarista espanyol a Catalunya, qualsevol que sigui el seu r\u00e8gim. El poble catal\u00e0 pot doncs exigir la restituci\u00f3 de la constituci\u00f3 i de les llibertats nacionals d’abans de la signatura del tractat d’Utrecht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La cl\u00e0usula rebus sic stantibus<\/em> \u00e9s impl\u00edcita en tots els tractats. En virtut d’aquesta, quan les circumst\u00e0ncies o naturalesa pol\u00edtico-jur\u00eddica d’un tractat, per raons geopol\u00edtiques, han perdut la seva efectivitat, l’esmentada cl\u00e0usula permet la possibilitat de revisi\u00f3 del tractat.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Joan Lucas i Masjoan va fer arribar l’opuscle, des de la b\u00fastia postal 66 de Wettingen (Su\u00efssa), tant a l\u2019ONU com a la Casa Blanca, aleshores presidida pel dem\u00f2crata Jimmy Carter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A la mort de Batista i Roca, el 1978, Lucas i Masjoan va passar a presidir el CNC, centrat a dur a terme campanyes d’afirmaci\u00f3 nacional i gestions internacionals per aconseguir un refer\u00e8ndum d’autodeterminaci\u00f3. Es va morir a Barcelona, a setanta-set anys, el 22 de febrer de 2001.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Article publicat el 10 de setembre de 2021<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

En ocasi\u00f3 del primer refer\u00e8ndum d’autodeterminaci\u00f3 de Gibraltar, el 10 de setembre de 1967, unes denominades Forces d’Alliberament de Catalunya van expressar el seu suport a la consulta ciutadana amb un p\u00f2ster i un comunicat<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":893,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[2],"tags":[32,31,33],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gibaltar.cat\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/886"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gibaltar.cat\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gibaltar.cat\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gibaltar.cat\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gibaltar.cat\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=886"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/gibaltar.cat\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/886\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1154,"href":"https:\/\/gibaltar.cat\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/886\/revisions\/1154"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gibaltar.cat\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/893"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gibaltar.cat\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=886"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gibaltar.cat\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=886"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gibaltar.cat\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=886"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}